Information Technologies, perspectives and challenges

Abstract

Information Technology (IT) encompasses tools and systems that process and manage digital data to optimize decisions and operations in various sectors. Its integration includes hardware, software and networks, essential elements in the modern economy. IT has facilitated digitalization, automation and innovation, impacting areas such as health, finance, marketing and industry. In health, artificial intelligence (AI) improves diagnoses, personalizes treatments and accelerates pharmaceutical research. In finance, it detects fraud, optimizes credit ratings and improves customer service. In marketing, it provides personalized recommendations and sentiment analysis, while in industry, it drives predictive maintenance and automated quality control.

However, challenges arise such as cybersecurity risks, the environmental impact of digitalization and inequalities in access to IT. The digital economy increases emissions and technological waste, while the digital divide persists in regions such as Latin America. In addition, AI generates ethical risks, such as the misuse of data and the creation of deepfakes. Public-private collaboration, ethical regulation and investment in talent and technology are essential to meet these challenges and harness the transformative potential of IT in a responsible and equitable manner.