Fascism and anti-fascism in 21st-century Europe

Abstract

In the 21st century, Europe has witnessed the resurgence of far-right, neonationalist, and neoconservative movements, often associated with fascism and its variants. However, the lack of a precise definition and the constant transformation of these expressions make the antifascist struggle more challenging, as was the case during the interwar period.

In this context, the hypothesis emerges that the ambiguity in defining contemporary expressions of fascism disorients modern antifascism and ultimately facilitates the expansion of liberal authoritarian forms. From a Critical Political Philosophy perspective, this paper reflects on the rise of the far right within the context of the crisis of neoliberalism and the political responses to structural inequalities in Europe.